Photographs for Moula Neanderthal Cannibalism Story EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE AT 2 PM. EDT (11 A.M. PDT) THURSDAY, SEPT. 30, TO COINCIDE WITH PUBLICATION IN THE JOURNAL SCIENCE

RESTRICTIONS

1. COPYRIGHT. These images are copyrighted to the photographers identified.
2. NEWS USE ONLY. These images are for your news organization's NEWS USE only. Do not syndicate, sell, or redistribute in any further way.
3. TIME. The images may be used without fee ONLY for the purpose of news coverage of the October 1 SCIENCE announcement, and ONLY for a period of October 1 through October 21, 1999.
4. ADDITIONAL USES. For additional feature news uses, or uses beyond this period, please contact the individual photographers directly, via e-mail (Patrick Smith <jameson477@yahoo.com>; David DeGusta <degusta@uclink4.berkeley.edu>; Tim White <timwhite@socrates.berkeley.edu; Henry Gilbert <spider@uclink4.berkeley.edu>).
5. CREDIT LINE. Credit line must accompany each photo.
6. ADDITIONAL PHOTOS. For additional photographs, contact Alban Defleur at: Telephone: 33-68-653-1731; Email: <defleur@voltaire.timone.univ-mrs.fr>

THE PHOTOGRAPHS

SITE: Moula-Guercy cave site, Ardèche, France

1. VIEW: From helicopter SUBJECT: 1999 excavations. Man in the white shirt stands at original cave entrance. Modern shelter protects the ongoing excavation. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 Patrick Smith, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

2. VIEW: From platform above original cave entrance SUBJECT: 1997 excavations. Vertical strings indicate the spatial grid used to control the positions of the neanderthal bone fragments found at the level of the excavators. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 David DeGusta, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

3. VIEW: From inside the cave SUBJECT: Alban Defleur excavates a neanderthal femur (thighbone) fragment from Level 15 in the cave, a horizon containing many bone fragments of deer and neanderthals. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 Tim White, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

4. VIEW: Vertical, within the cave SUBJECT: Fragment of a fractured neanderthal femur (thighbone) >from Level 15 in the cave, a horizon containing many bone fragments of deer and neanderthals. Finger for scale. This fragment joined two others, and showed clearly that flesh was removed before it was broken open by a stone hammer, upon an anvil stone in the cave. These butchery activities left cutmarks, anvil striations, and pits and scalloped edges from the hammerstone impacts. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 Tim White, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

5. VIEW: From inside the cave SUBJECT: Alban Defleur with one of the neanderthal thighbone fragments illustrated in the SCIENCE publication. He is kneeling on the horizon that contained the deer and neanderthal bone fragments and stone tools. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 Tim White, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

6. VIEW: Laboratory SUBJECT: Alban Defleur with some of the 78 fragments representing the remains of a minimum of six neanderthal individuals cannibalized at Moula-Guercy. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 Tim White, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

7. VIEW: Laboratory SUBJECT: Stone tools left by neanderthals in the horizon that contained the deer and neanderthal bone fragments. These sharp-edged implements were used to skin, dismember, and cut the muscles from both neanderthals and deer in the Pleistocene. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 David DeGusta, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

8. VIEW: Laboratory SUBJECT: Fragments from the skulls of several neanderthal individuals found in the cave. These fragments show traces of cutmarks made by stone tools as well as hammerstone impact scars made when the skulls were smashed to obtain the enclosed brains. The pieces were then scattered on the cave's floor. Note that the different colors reflect the differences in mineralization (fossilization) processes in different parts of the cave in which the pieces were found. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 David DeGusta, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

9. VIEW: Laboratory SUBJECT: A mixture of stone tools (7), neanderthal bones (12), and deer bones (12) from Moula Level 15. Each piece was found during the excavation, and each plotted precisely before removal. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 David DeGusta, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

10. VIEW: Laboratory SUBJECT: A mixture of stone tools, neanderthal bones, and deer bones from Moula Level 15. The teenager's jaw and a piece of the thighbone, both with cutmarks, are shown here. A neanderthal skull fragment and a piece adult neanderthal collar bone are also shown, along with two smaller deer bones. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 David DeGusta, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

11. VIEW: Laboratory SUBJECT: A fragment of neanderthal thigh bone shows cutmarks left by the sharp edge of a flint stone tool, similar to the one held here. The tool is from the same horizon of the cave as the neanderthal and the deer bones. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 David DeGusta, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

12. VIEW: Scanning electron microscope image SUBJECT: Fragment of neanderthal skull bone (parietal) that shows cutmarks left by the sharp edge of a flint implement used to cut the muscles from the skull. Two cutting strokes by the same stone tool are indicated by the matching signatures. The cutmarks shown are about 7 millimeters in length. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 Henry Gilbert, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).

13. VIEW: Scanning electron microscope image SUBJECT: Fragment of neanderthal thigh bone that shows a field of fine, parallel striations caused when the fresh bone slipped across the anvil during the process of hammering the bone open for its fatty marrow. The image is about 5 millimeters in height. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION NOTICE: (c) 1999 Henry Gilbert, Berkeley (notice must appear adjacent to use).